When people ask me whether a god created the world, I'll tell them there's no logic in the question itself. Until the big bang time did not exist, and there is no time for the creator to make the world in. It's like asking directions to the edge of the earth; the earth is a sphere; it has no edge; it's a futile exercise to search for it. We are each free to believe what we want, and the simplest answer is in my view; there is no god.Nobody created our world and nobody guides our destiny. This takes me to a profound realization; there is certainly no heaven yet, and there is no afterlife. We have only one life to understand the universe's grand plan and I am profoundly grateful for that.
Stephen William Hawking was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist and author who was the director of research at the University of Cambridge 's Institute for Theoretical Cosmology at the time of his death. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1979 to 2009.
Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford. At Byron House School in Highgate, London, Hawking began his schooling. He later blamed his "progressive methods" for failing at school to learn to read. The eight-year - old Hawking attended for a few months at St Albans High School for Girls in St Albans. Hawking attended two separate schools, first Radlett School, and from September 1952, St Albans School, after completing the 11-plus a year early. The family attached a high importance to education.Hawking 's father wanted his son to attend the well-respected Westminster School but on the day of the scholarship test, the 13-year-old Hawking was sick. Without the financial assistance of a scholarship, his family could not afford the school fees, so Hawking remained at St Albans. From 1958 on, with the help of mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta, they built a computer from clock parts, an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components.
Though known as "Einstein" at the school, Hawking was not academically successful at first. Over time , he started to demonstrate great aptitude for scientific subjects and, at university, chose to read mathematics. Hawking 's father advised him to study medicine, concerned that there were few jobs for graduates in mathematics. He also wanted his son to attend his own alma mater, University College, Oxford. As mathematics could not be read there at the time, Hawking wanted to research physics and chemistry. Having taken the exams in March 1959, Hawking was awarded a scholarship following his headmaster 's advice to wait until the next year.
Hawking began his undergraduate education at Undergraduate College , Oxford. Hawking estimated that during his three years at Oxford he studied about 1,000 hours. After earning a first-class BA (Hons.) degree in physics and completing a trip with a friend to Iran, he started his graduate research at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962.
It was a tough first year for Hawking. He was initially surprised to find that Dennis William Sciama, one of the pioneers of modern cosmology, had been named as supervisor rather than noted Yorkshire astronomer Fred Hoyle, and he considered his mathematics preparation insufficient for research in general relativity and cosmology. Hawking fell into a depression after being diagnosed with motor neuron disease-though his doctors suggested that he should pursue his studies, he felt that there was little point. His disease progressed slowly than doctors had foretold.While Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his voice was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he only had two years to live proved unfounded. With encouragement from Sciama, he went back to his work. Hawking began developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when, at a lecture in June 1964, he publicly questioned the work of Fred Hoyle and his pupil, Jayant Narlikar.
When he started to lose the use of his hands, he found a way to imagine problems in his head, in order to find a solution rather than writing equations. Several of his colleagues also suggested that his biggest achievements arose from this way of thought. Hawking is working on one of the strange theories of science-black holes. They are produced as an extreme prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity when massive stars collapse to zero size and infinite density – known as 'singularity.'
On 1970Hawking's research on black holes helped to support the concept of a 'Big Bang' at the birth of the Universe.Hawking believed black holes could be a way of discovering the holy grail of physics: a coherent theory integrating general relativity with quantic mechanics.
These two strong but contradictory theories explain the universe, respectively on the cosmic and subatomic scale. The attempts by Hawking to combine them resulted in a surprising result-that black holes should shine. Now this effect is called 'Hawking radiation.' The work cemented its reputation as one of its generation's key thinkers. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1974, aged 32, and one of the youngest to achieve the distinction.
At age 35 Hawking became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge – a post held by some of Britain's leading physicists including Newton.
Despite the evidence motor neuron disease had destroyed his body, he had achieved a peak of intellectual accomplishment, he could no longer walk or feed himself, used an electric wheelchair to get around, and slurred his voice so much that others failed to understand him. But by more than ten years, he had already outlived his doctors' hopes. Doctors could only save Stephen by conducting an operation that deprived him of his ability to talk. Now, he can talk only by lifting his eyebrows. Stephen was frustrated but he refused to beat again.His friends helped him employ a state-of-the-art speech synthesizer that gave him a distinctive new voice. One of his first requests after mastering the system was for someone to help him complete a new book he 'd been working on.
The introduction to cosmology by Hawking in 1988 is one of the best-selling books (A Brief History of Time) of all time.
Hawking continued to work on the black holes. He came up with a bold new idea in 2004, over whether black holes break physics laws.
One of the ideas underpinning quantum theory is that it is impossible to break the physical properties of subatomic particles (or 'information'). Hawking has argued for years that black holes do not kill knowledge but never demonstrate how. Everyone had predicted a defiant defense of his ideas at a conference. Hawking then made a surprising U-turn. His controversial new theory – the transfer of knowledge to other universes – showed that he was still rethinking his Universe picture.
Hawking was a keen supporter of space exploration, believing it was necessary for the human race's long-term survival. "Life on Earth is at an ever-increasing risk of being wiped out by a catastrophe, such as a sudden global nuclear war, a genetically modified virus or other threats that we have not yet thought of," he told a Hong Kong audience in 2007.
Hawking died on 14 March 2018 at his home in Cambridge , England, aged 76. His family said he "died peacefully." Figures in science, entertainment, politics, and other areas eulogized him.