Subhash Chandra Bose or Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is one of India's most respected freedom fighters, as he is affectionately known as. Born in Cuttack (Odisha city) Bose has been one of the brightest students ever since his school days. He had been deeply inspired by the teachings of Vivekananda since his young days, and he considered him his spiritual Guru.
Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorable Netaji first applied by the Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and the German and Indian officials in the Spec in early 1942 to Bose in Germany.
In the late 1920s and 1930s, Bose had been a member of the younger, radical Indian National Congress faction, rising to become president of Congress in 1938 and 1939. Nevertheless, after disagreements with Mahatma Gandhi and the high command of Congress, he was removed from Congress leadership positions in 1939.He was eventually put under British house arrest before fleeing from India in 1940.
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, an advocate of a Kayastha family, in Cuttack, Orissa District, Bengal Province. He was the ninth of fourteen in a family. His family was well to do.
He, like his brothers and sisters, was admitted to the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack in January 1902. He continued his studies at this school, which until 1909 was run by the Baptist Mission, and then moved to Ravenshaw Collegiate College. He was admitted to Presidential College, where he studied briefly, after securing the second position in the 1913 matriculation exam. After reading their works at age 16 he was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna. He felt his religion was bigger than his studies.
The British in Calcutta often made offensive remarks in public places to the Indians in those days, and openly insulted them. This British behavior as well as the outbreak of World War I began to shape his thinking.
His nationalistic temperament was brought to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor Oaten on the anti-India comments of the latter. He was expelled although he protested because he was merely witness to the attack and was not personally involved in it. Later , he joined the Scottish Church College at Calcutta University and passed his B.A. Of Ethics of 1918.
On September 15, 1919, Bose left India for Europe and arrived in London on October 20.He had made a promise to his father to prepare and appear for the Indian Civil Services exam, for which his father had made Rs 10,000 available. Bose readied his application for the ICS in London, living with his brother Satish in Belsize Park who was studying for the bar test. As historian Leonard A. Gordon puts it.
Bose was keen to get admission to a college at Cambridge University. However, the deadline for admission was already past. Bose entered the university register on 19 November 1919 with the help of some Indian students there and Mr. Reddaway, the Censor of Fitzwilliam Hall, a body run by the university's Non-Collegiate Students Board, for making the university's education available at an economic cost without formal admission to a college. He chose the Tripos of Mental and Moral Sciences and at the same time set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.
He came fourth and was picked in the ICS test, but he didn't want to work under a foreign government that would mean serving the British. As he was on the brink of taking the plunge by resigning from the Indian Civil Service in 1921, he wrote to his elder brother Sarat Chandra Bose: "Only on the ground of sacrifice and suffering can we raise up our national edifice.
He resigned from his civil service job on 23 April 1921 and returned to India.
Solving the Mystery of Netaji's ‘Disappearance’ : Click
Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorable Netaji first applied by the Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and the German and Indian officials in the Spec in early 1942 to Bose in Germany.
In the late 1920s and 1930s, Bose had been a member of the younger, radical Indian National Congress faction, rising to become president of Congress in 1938 and 1939. Nevertheless, after disagreements with Mahatma Gandhi and the high command of Congress, he was removed from Congress leadership positions in 1939.He was eventually put under British house arrest before fleeing from India in 1940.
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, an advocate of a Kayastha family, in Cuttack, Orissa District, Bengal Province. He was the ninth of fourteen in a family. His family was well to do.
He, like his brothers and sisters, was admitted to the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack in January 1902. He continued his studies at this school, which until 1909 was run by the Baptist Mission, and then moved to Ravenshaw Collegiate College. He was admitted to Presidential College, where he studied briefly, after securing the second position in the 1913 matriculation exam. After reading their works at age 16 he was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna. He felt his religion was bigger than his studies.
The British in Calcutta often made offensive remarks in public places to the Indians in those days, and openly insulted them. This British behavior as well as the outbreak of World War I began to shape his thinking.
His nationalistic temperament was brought to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor Oaten on the anti-India comments of the latter. He was expelled although he protested because he was merely witness to the attack and was not personally involved in it. Later , he joined the Scottish Church College at Calcutta University and passed his B.A. Of Ethics of 1918.
On September 15, 1919, Bose left India for Europe and arrived in London on October 20.He had made a promise to his father to prepare and appear for the Indian Civil Services exam, for which his father had made Rs 10,000 available. Bose readied his application for the ICS in London, living with his brother Satish in Belsize Park who was studying for the bar test. As historian Leonard A. Gordon puts it.
Bose was keen to get admission to a college at Cambridge University. However, the deadline for admission was already past. Bose entered the university register on 19 November 1919 with the help of some Indian students there and Mr. Reddaway, the Censor of Fitzwilliam Hall, a body run by the university's Non-Collegiate Students Board, for making the university's education available at an economic cost without formal admission to a college. He chose the Tripos of Mental and Moral Sciences and at the same time set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.
He came fourth and was picked in the ICS test, but he didn't want to work under a foreign government that would mean serving the British. As he was on the brink of taking the plunge by resigning from the Indian Civil Service in 1921, he wrote to his elder brother Sarat Chandra Bose: "Only on the ground of sacrifice and suffering can we raise up our national edifice.
He resigned from his civil service job on 23 April 1921 and returned to India.
Solving the Mystery of Netaji's ‘Disappearance’ : Click
Indian National Army
The Indian National Army was an armed force established in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II by Indian nationalists, whose goal was to protect Indian independence from British rule. It formed an alliance with Imperial Japan in the WWII Southeast Asian theatre's latter campaign. The army was first formed under Rash Behari Bose in 1942, by British-Indian Army Indian PoWs captured by Japan during the Malayan and Singapore war. This first INA collapsed and disbanded in December of that year after differences between the INA leadership and the Japanese army over their role in the Asia war in Japan. Rash Behari Bose handed over INA to Subhas Chandra Bose.
Since the very beginning of F Kikan 's work with captured Indian soldiers, Subhas Chandra Bose had been the perfect person to lead a rebel army into India. Mohan Singh himself, shortly after his first meeting with Fujiwara, suggested that Bose was the right leader of an Indian nationalist army. Many of the officers and troops – including some who have now returned to prisoner-of - war camps and some who have not volunteered in the first place – made it known that they would only be willing to join the INA if it was led by Subhas Bose.Since resigning from a prominent post in the Indian Civil Service in 1922, he had entered the Gandhian movement, quickly rising in Congress and being repeatedly imprisoned by the Raj. By the late 1920s he and Nehru had been known as the Congress' future members. He was among the first Congress leaders in the late 1920s to call for complete independence from Britain instead of India 's previous Congress goal of becoming a British dominion. In Bengal, Raj officials had repeatedly accused him of collaborating with the independence movement. The congress youth group in Bengal was formed under his leadership into a quasi-military organization called the Volunteers of Bengal.Bose regretted Gandhi's pacifism; Gandhi disagreed with the confrontations Bose had with the Raj. The executive committee of the Congress, like Nehru, has been largely loyal to Gandhi. While openly disagreeing with Gandhi, Bose won twice in the 1930s as president of the Indian National Congress. Despite Gandhi's opposition his second victory came. In the popular vote he beat Gandhi's favorite candidate, Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya, but the whole working committee quit and declined to work with Bose. Bose resigned from the presidency of Congress and established his own faction, The All India Forward Block.
Bose was placed under house arrest by the Raj at the beginning of World War II. He escaped disguised and traveled through Afghanistan and Central Asia. There he tried to raise an army of Indian soldiers from prisoners of war captured by Germany, establishing the Free India Legion and the Azad Hind Radio. Oshima Hiroshi, Japanese ambassador, kept Tokyo aware of these developments.From the very beginning of the war, the Japanese intelligence services noted from speaking to captured Indian soldiers that Bose was held in extremely high regard as a nationalist, and that Indian soldiers found him to be the right individual to lead a rebel military.
In 1943, in a series of meetings between the INA leaders and the Japanese, it was decided to cede the IIL and INA leadership to Bose. The Japanese had invited Bose to lead the Indian nationalist movement in East Asia in January 1943.On February 8, he agreed, and left Germany. He arrived in Tokyo on 11 May 1943 after a three-month trip by submarine and a brief stop in Singapore. He met the Japanese prime minister Hideki Tojo and the Japanese high command in Tokyo. He then arrived in Singapore in July 1943, where he broadcast a number of radio broadcasts to Indians in Southeast Asia urging them to join in the struggle for independence from India.