Prithviraj Chauhan was a king of the dynasty Chahamana. He ruled over the traditional Chahamana territory, Sapadalaksha.His capital was in modern Ajmer at Ajayameru.For many medieval epic poems (Prithviraja Vijaya, Hammira Mahakavya and Prithviraj Raso) it was listed not only in Muslim accounts of the Battles of Tarain.based on these epic poems Prithviraj mastered 6 to 14 languages and he was educated well.
Prithviraj was born on the 12th day of the Jyeshtha month to Chahamana King Someshvara and Queen Karpuradevi according to the record of epic poem Prithviraja Vijaya.The year of Prithviraj 's birth was estimated as 1166 CE based on the astrological planetary positions at the time of his birth Dasharatha Sharma(an indologist in the Rajasthan region).
After the death of Prithviraja II, Prithviraj Chauhan 's father Someshvara had been proclaimed the Chahamana king.The father died when Prithviraj was about 11 years old that time prithviraj was a minor ascended the throne with his mother as the regent.
Kadambavasa served as the Kingdom's chief minister, responsible for all the military successes during the early years of Prithviraj 's reign.
Prithviraj's first military victory was his suppression by his cousin Nagarjuna of a rebellion, and Gudapura's recapture.
Mohammad Ghori had taken charge of Bhatinda(Tabarhindah or Tabar-e-Hind). Hearing the news Prithviraj Chauhan marched in the direction of Bhatinda to test Muhammad Ghori 's advancing measures along with powerful army. Before that a fierce war in Tarain's field was fought. During this war several Rajput rulers supported Prithviraj Chauhan.
Goving Chandra, Prithviraj Chauhan 's brother, lost his two teeth during the war, but in return he struck Ghori with a few blows and wounded him. Due to heavy bleeding, Muhammad Ghori was on the verge of falling off the horse when a Khalji soldier came to his rescue and took him safely out of the battlefield. So soon as the Sultan was withdrawn from the battlefield, the Muslim army had been discouraged and had fled. Prithviraj Chauhan had recovered the fort of Bhatinda.
Prithviraj developed a reputation for his bravery and cheekiness. Soon, tales of his conquests reached the ears of Sanyogita, Kannauj 's king Jaichand 's daughter who was known for her enchanting beauty. She is said to have fallen in love with Prithviraj and no one else but the King wanted. The tales of the beauty of Sanyogita intrigued Prithviraj too. They are fallen in love.The relationship between Prithviraj and Jaichand was soured because of the rivalry between their kingdoms. Jaichand wanted to do a Rajsuya Yagya to assert his dominance over other kingdoms but Prithviraj refused to acknowledge his dominance. This kindled an enmity among the two kings.
Jaichand arranged the marriage of Sanyogita to taunt Prithviraj, and decided against inviting Prithviraj. Jaichand then commissioned a Prithviraj clay statue and installed it as a dwarpal (doorman). When Prithviraj knew of the Swayamvara, he devised a plan for the princess to elope.On the swayamvaram day Prithviraj hides behind a statue of clay. He leapt from behind the statue all of a sudden, took Sanyogita in his arms and whisked her away to Delhi.
Ghor's Muhammad came back to Ghazna, and prepared to avenge his defeat. He has gathered a well-equipped army of 120,000 select Afghan, Tajik, and Turkish horsemen over the coming months, according to Tabaqat-i Nasiri. He then marched in place of Prithviraj Chauhan.
As a result of his wars against the neighboring Hindu kings Prithviraj was left without any allies. Nevertheless, he managed to raise a massive army to defeat the Ghurids. Prithviraj 's army strength as 300,000 horses and 3,000 elephants, plus a large infantry. Most possibly this is a gross exaggeration, aimed at highlighting the size of Ghurid victory.
Prithviraj's camp, which consisted of 150 communal chiefs, wrote a letter to Muhammad of Ghor, promising him no harm if he had wanted to return to his own country. Muhammad insisted that he needed time to focus on his Ghazna brother Ghiyath al-Din. According to Firishta, he agreed to a truce until he had obtained an response from his uncle. Nevertheless, he plotted an assault on the Chahamanas.
Muhammad assigned a few men to keep the fires burning at night in his camp while he and the rest of his army marched off in another direction.Prithviraj's camp lost 100,000 men (including Govindaraja of Delhi) in this tragedy. Prithviraj attempted to escape on a horse, but was pursued and trapped near Sarasvati Fort. Subsequently, Muhammad of Ghor captured Ajmer after killing several thousand defenders, enslaving several more, and destroying the town's temples.